Functional Plant Breeding Journal

STRATEGIES AND PRACTICAL ASPECTS IN GUAVA (PSIDIUM GUAJAVA L.) BREEDING: 12 YEARS OF EXPERIMENTS

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The process of plant breeding of perennial species is quite different from annual species due to several particular biological aspects. In addition, information about this process in adjacent cultures, such as the guava exemplified here, is scarce and is of great value to any breeder. In this review, we seek to share as many questions as we deem relevant about our guava genetic improvement program, addressing aspects of overlapping generations, long reproductive cycle, phenotype expression at different ages in the same individual, and biotechnological tools. These issues brought about the need for greater rigor and precision due to: repeated assessments over time on selected genotypes over several years; comparison of genotypes from different generations, which nested in time implies different environments; relevance of the individual representing a genotype as a unit of selection; and availability of data related to the survival rate of plants over age, time and generations, requiring more elaborate statistical methods. Finally, in addition to culture-specific practical issues, we brought an example of our approach to try to introduce favorable genes for resistance to disease in guava.

VARIABILITY, SIMILARITY NETWORK AND GENOTYPIC PATH ANALYSIS OF COMMON BEAN YIELD TRAITS

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic variability and associations between traits, in order to identify traits that can be used as selection criteria in the development process of high-yielding common bean cultivars in a breeding program. Plant height (PH), primary branches per plant (BP), pod length (POL), seeds per pod (SPO), pods per plant (POP), days to anthesis (DA), days to flowering (DF), days to maturity (DM), 100 seeds mass (SM) and grain yield (Y), were evaluated at Nampula Research Station, Mozambique, an augmented block design with 24 accessions, three checks and four blocks. Analysis of variance, genetic parameters, similarity network and path analysis were performed based on the genetic correlation matrix. The results indicated high heritability for all traits. High genetic variability were shown by PH, Y, POP, SM, SPO and BP. High genotypic correlations were shown by POP, SPO, DM, DA and BP. The POP and SPO additionally showed high positive direct effects and can be used as selection criteria in the development process of high-yielding bean cultivars in a breeding program.

SELECTION OF PODS IN F4:5 GENERATION OF SOYBEAN TO UNDERSTAND ASSOCIATION BETWEEN YIELD COMPONENTS USING PATH ANALYSIS IN THE GREENHOUSE AND FIELD ENVIRONMENTS

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

In soybean breeding, several traits should be considered to a new improved variety. Among these traits, the number of seeds per pod has substantial influence, because combined with a large total number of pods per plant raises productivity. However, in plant breeding it is essential to understand the behavior of this trait in subsequent generations. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of pods containing 1, 2 or 3 seeds of F4 generation in the formation of the next generation and their respective effect on the frequency of the number of seeds per pod, as well as the association of the yield components by path analysis F4:5. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse and in the field, during the 2013/2014 crop season. Two F4 lines were used (L1 - Line 1 and L2 - Line 2) and a cultivar (M 7908RR). The experimental design was a completely randomized block in a factorial 3 × 3 design, involving three genetic materials (L1, L2 and M 7908 RR) and three different seed numbers per pod (1, 2 and 3) from each genotype. Regardless of the number of seeds in selected pods in F4, the frequency in pods of the next generation (F5) plants was not modified. In both environments studied the pods with 2 and 3 seeds had a direct and positive effect on seed yield. The selection for productivity can be obtained with the selection of plants with greater quantity of pods with two and three seeds.

BRS FC415: COMMON BEAN CULTIVAR WITH HIGH YIELD, COMMERCIAL QUALITY, SLOW SEED COAT DARKENING, AND RESISTANCE TO SOIL PATHOGENS

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BRS FC415 is a common bean cultivar with carioca grain type, high commercial quality, and slow seed coat darkening. It has wide adaptation to different production regions, high mean yield (2,310 kg ha-1), high yield potential (3,901 kg ha-1), and resistance to Fusarium wilt, root rots, and anthracnose.

ESTIMATES OF GENETIC PARAMETERS AND SELECTION GAINS FOR PHENOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS IN MACAW PALM: AN IMPORTANT PLANT FOR BIOENERGY

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

This study aimed to estimate genetic traits, determine genetic correlation, and predict breeding values as a way to select macaw palm accessions from the Germplasm Bank of the Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. This trial was carried out via REML/BLUP method, which was applied to following parameters: precocity (PREC), height of the first spathe (HFS), total fruit number (TFN), pulp oil content (POC) and oil production per plant (PROD). Thirty-six accessions - comprised of two to ten plants each - were evaluated. Selegen- Reml/Blup software was used for genetic analysis as well as to identify individuals to compose the population to be exploited in macaw breeding in both short- and long-term programs. The highest correlation coefficients were observed between PREC and HFS, PREC and TFN, and TFN and PROD, which led to indirect gains by the selection. The selection of the top 20 individuals provided a gain of 74.8% over the PROD average for short-term seed production. On the other hand, the selection of the top 52 individuals led to a gain of 40.5% to form a long-term breeding population. Considering the simultaneous selection through an additive selection index coupled to economic weights is possible to obtain direct gains of 67.6%by selecting PROD. Estimates of genetic parameters achieved by the present study demonstrate the excellent selective potential of the accessions, with sufficient genetic variability to establish populations for macaw palm breeding program.

BRS FC414: COMMON BEAN CULTIVAR WITH HIGH YIELD AND COMMERCIAL QUALITY, RECOMMENDED FOR GROWING UNDER CENTER PIVOT IRRIGATION

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

BRS FC414 is a common bean cultivar with high commercial quality carioca bean grain and resistance to Fusarium wilt. It is widely adapted to different production regions, high yielding, and adapted to mechanical harvest. BRS FC414 is an option for growing light-colored carioca commercial group bean under central pivot irrigation conditions.

SALUTAR: FIRST CULTIVAR BRED FOR SOLUBLE COFFEE PRODUCTION AND HEALTH

Wed, 28 Sep 2022 00:00:00 +0000

Salutar is a cultivar composed of five Coffea canephora genotypes, derived from clones discovered and bred by farmers, in Espírito Santo, Brazil. A group of 42 promising C. canephora genotypes was selected. These genotypes were propagated by cuttings and planted in an experimental area for selection for high yield potential and agronomic traits of interest. A design in randomized blocks with three field replications and seven plants per replication was used and the laboratory analyses were replicated three times. The cultivar produces high yields and the contents of total soluble solids, caffeine and chlorogenic acids in the green beans are higher than the traditional mean contents of Coffea canephora grown in Brazil. It was the first study focused on developing a cultivar with high levels of soluble solids and chlorogenic acids in green Conilon coffee beans. Cultivar Salutar is suitable for climatic conditions similar to those of this study, in other words, recommended for the State of Espírito Santo, south of Bahia and east of Minas Gerais, at less than 600 m asl.